Metastatic lesions of the eye organs in prostate cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA protocol 2020

V. A. Vorobev; Воробьев В. А.; A. V. Shcherbatykh; Щербатых А. В.; A. A. Izmailov; Измайлов А. А.; Andrey B. Chaprak; Чапрак Андрей Борисович; A. R. Farganov; Фарганов А. Р.; A. R. Khaziev; Хазиев А. Р.; A. I. Garifullin; Гарифуллин А. И.; K. M. Su-Yanz; Су-Янз К. М.; A. I. Syrova; Сырова А. И.; A. I. Syrova; Сырова А. И.; V. N. Pavlov; Павлов В. Н.

doi:10.17650/1726-9776-2025-21-4-169-185

Metastatic lesions of the eye organs in prostate cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA protocol 2020

Authors: Vorobev V.A.¹^,2, Shcherbatykh A.V.¹, Izmailov A.A.²^,3, Chaprak A.B.³, Farganov A.R.³, Khaziev A.R.³, Garifullin A.I.³, Su-Yanz K.M.¹, Syrova A.I.¹, Syrova A.I.¹, Pavlov V.N.²
Affiliations:
1. Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
2. Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
3. Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
Issue: Vol 21, No 4 (2025)
Pages: 169-185
Section: REVIEWS
Published: 27.02.2026
URL: https://oncourology.eco-vector.com/oncur/article/view/1931
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2025-21-4-169-185
ID: 1931

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract
About the authors
References
Supplementary files
Statistics

Abstract

Aim. To perform systematic review of the literature published in 2000–2024 and meta-analysis of the data according to the PRISMA protocol 2020.

Materials and methods. Data on clinical cases of 60 patients with prostate cancer metastases to ocular structures (orbit or eye) reported from 2000 to 2024 were analyzed. The resulting cohort is the largest on this topic in the last two decades.

Results. Prostate cancer metastases most frequently involved the orbit (including the optic nerve) and choroid; involvement of the iris or ciliary body was rare. In 17 % of patients, ocular symptoms were the first manifestation leading to a prostate cancer diagnosis. The optimal treatment approach was a combination of systemic prostate cancer therapy (androgen deprivation ± chemotherapy) with local ocular radiotherapy. Hormone therapy played a key role in prolonging survival and improving quality of life, whereas orbital radiation was effective for palliating symptoms and partially restoring vision. The median survival after detection of ocular metastases was approximately 6–12 months.

Conclusion. Ocular metastases of prostate cancer are an extremely rare but clinically significant condition. Timely diagnosis and combined systemic and local treatment may improve the prognosis and quality of life of such patients despite an overall poor outcome.

Limitations. The retrospective and heterogeneous nature of available data, small sample size (60 cases), and potential publication bias limit the generalizability of the results.

Keywords

prostate cancer, ocular metastasis, orbit, choroid, hormone therapy, radiotherapy

References

Sekhoacha M., Riet K., Motloung P. et al. Prostate cancer review: genetics, diagnosis, treatment options, and alternative approaches. Molecules 2022;27:5730. doi: 10.3390/molecules27175730
Kelkar N., Findakly D., Wang J. Metastatic prostate cancer to the optic canal: a large-cohort analysis. Cureus 2023;15:e46598. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46598
Shields C.L., Shields J.A., Gross N.E. et al. Survey of 520 eyes with uveal metastases. Ophthalmology 1997;104(8):1265–76. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(97)30148-1
Oladeji A.A., Jatto J., Ntekim A.I., Edijana B.O. Prostate cancer with orbital metastasis: a case series. J Med Case Rep Case Ser 2024. doi: 10.38207/JMCRCS/2024/SEP051104109
Matsuo T., Tanaka T., Nakamura A., Wada K. Prostate cancer detected by choroidal tumor and complete response to hormonal therapy: case report and literature review of 24 patients with choroidal metastasis from prostate cancer. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021;9:23247096211026471. doi: 10.1177/23247096211026471
Palmisciano P., Ferini G., Ogasawara C. et al. Orbital metastases: a systematic review of clinical characteristics, management strategies, and treatment outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021;14:94. doi: 10.3390/cancers14010094
Boldt H.C., Nerad J.A. Orbital metastases from prostate carcinoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106(10):1403–8. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140567024
De Potter P., Shields C.L., Shields J.A., Tardio D.J. Uveal metastasis from prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1993;71(9):2791–6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930501)71:9<2791::AID-CNCR2820710917 >3.0.CO;2-Y
Shreffler J., Huecker M.R. Hypothesis testing, p values, confidence intervals, and significance. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025.
Vrbin C.M. Parametric or nonparametric statistical tests: considerations when choosing the most appropriate option for your data. Cytopathology 2022;33(8):663–7. doi: 10.1111/cyt.13174
Gopishetty S., Singh L., Aqil M. et al. Prostate cancer with orbital metastasis. Cureus 2025;17(3):e80727. doi: 10.7759/cureus.80727
Pezzulla D., Di Franco R., Zamagni A. et al. Radiotherapy of orbital metastases: a systematic review of management and treatment outcomes on behalf of Palliative Care Study Group of Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO). Br J Radiol 2023;96(1151):20230124. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20230124
Gerba-Górecka K., Romanowska-Dixon B., Karska-Basta I. Clinical characteristics and management of ocular metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2025;17:1041. doi: 10.3390/cancers17061041
Chik J.Y.K., Leung C.W.L., Wong K.H. Palliative radiation therapy for patients with orbital and ocular metastases. Ann Palliat Med 2020;9(6):4458–66. doi: 10.21037/apm.2019.12.02
Lundberg S., Lee S.-I. A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. arXiv 2017. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1705.07874
Shields J.A., Shields C.L., Eagle H. et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspected intraocular tumors: the 1992 Urwick Lecture. Ophthalmology 1993;100(12):1677–84. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(93)31418-1
Nabih O., Mtalai N., El Maaloum L. et al. Orbital metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma: case report and review of the literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022;76:103530. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103530
Ermoian R.P., Kalina R.E., Yu E.Y., Parvathaneni U. Ocular prostate cancer metastasis treated with external beam radiation. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2011;5(4):306–8. doi: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e3181f66ad2
Tun K., Bulut T. Triple orbital metastases from prostate cancer. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2016;50(5):392–4. doi: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2016.06.007
Solnik M., Paduszyńska N., Czarnecka A.M. et al. Imaging of uveal melanoma – current standard and methods in development. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14:3147. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133147.
Albert D.M., Rubenstein R.A., Scheie H.G. Tumor metastasis to the eye. II. Clinical study in infants and children. Am J Ophthalmol 1967;63(4):727–32. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(67)91298-6

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files

Action

1. JATS XML

Download

Username
Password
Remember me

Forgot password?	Register

Username
Password
Remember me

Forgot password?	Register

Metastatic lesions of the eye organs in prostate cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA protocol 2020

Full Text

Abstract

Keywords

About the authors

References

Supplementary files