Cancer UrologyCancer UrologyОнкоурология1726-97761996-1812Publishing House ABV Press185910.17650/1726-9776-2025-21-4-150-161REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleGenetic susceptibility to bladder cancerГенетическая предрасположенность к раку мочевого пузыряhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6975-5151ZaripovaA. R.ЗариповаА. Р.
Russian Federation

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics

Институт биохимии и генетики

marina_berm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0584-3969BermishevaMarina A.БермишеваМарина Алексеевна
Russian Federation

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Институт биохимии и генетики ФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»

marina_berm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-5632GilyazovaI. R.ГилязоваИ. Р.
Russian Federation

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Институт биохимии и генетики ФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»

marina_berm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9243IzmailovA. A.ИзмайловА. А.
Russian Federation
marina_berm@mail.ruUfa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesФГБНУ «Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук»Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииRepublican Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan, UfaГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» Минздрава Республики Башкортостан, Уфа160320262141501612310202419022026Copyright ©; 2026, Zaripova A.R., Bermisheva M.A., Gilyazova I.R., Izmailov A.A.Copyright ©; 2026, Зарипова А.Р., Бермишева М.А., Гилязова И.Р., Измайлов А.А.2026Zaripova A.R., Bermisheva M.A., Gilyazova I.R., Izmailov A.A.Зарипова А.Р., Бермишева М.А., Гилязова И.Р., Измайлов А.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://oncourology.eco-vector.com/oncur/article/view/1859

Background. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, representing an urgent problem of modern oncology. Various external and internal environmental factors increase the disease risk. Genetic susceptibility to BC is unquestioned and actively researched nowadays.

Aim. To analyze current advances in genetic factors of BC and to assess the prospects for further research in this area.

Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of modern literature available in the PubMed database was conducted.

Results and conclusion. A small part of BC cases is associated with hereditary syndromes, which are characterized by BC development. Genes regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, and cell cycle are associated with BC. Today, there is a clear understanding that high-risk genes are rarely involved in the development of most BC cases, but there are many polymorphic loci with low penetrance and moderate effects that acting together increase BC risk, indicating a complex polygenic inheritance pattern for this disease.

Введение. Рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) является одним из широко распространенных видов злокачественных новообразований в мире, представляя собой актуальную проблему современной онкологии. Разные факторы внешней и внутренней среды увеличивают вероятность развития заболевания. Генетическая предрасположенность индивидов к развитию опухолей мочевого пузыря представляет особый интерес.

Цель исследования – анализ современных достижений в изучении генетических факторов РМП и оценка перспектив дальнейших исследований в этой области.

Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический анализ литературы, доступной в базе данных PubMed преимущественно за последние несколько лет.

Результаты и заключение. Небольшой процент случаев заболевания связан с наследственными синдромами, для которых характерно развитие РМП. Среди генов, ассоциированных с развитием РМП, можно выделить гены, регулирующие метаболизм канцерогенов, репарацию ДНК и клеточный цикл. На сегодняшний день сложилось ясное видение того, что в развитие большинства случаев заболевания редко вовлечены гены высокого риска, но существует множество полиморфных локусов с низкой пенетрантностью и умеренными эффектами, которые в совокупности повышают риск развития РМП, указывая на сложную полигенную модель наследования данного заболевания.

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