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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1908</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2025-21-3-91-98</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. URINARY BLADDER CANCER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Рак мочевого пузыря</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Correlation analysis between age, severity, and social determinant with anemia and electrolyte imbalance occurrences in bladder cancer population with chemoradiation treatment plan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ корреляций между возрастом, тяжестью заболевания, социальными детерминантами здоровья и случаями анемии и нарушения баланса электролитов в популяции пациентов с раком мочевого пузыря, получающих химиолучевую терапию</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-9707</contrib-id><name><surname>Siregar</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name><address><country country="ID">Indonesia</country></address><bio><p>Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><email>ginandaputrasiregar4@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Purtantyo</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><address><country country="ID">Indonesia</country></address><bio><p>Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><email>rmhkiip@ucl.ac.uk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Warli</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><address><country country="ID">Indonesia</country></address><bio><p>Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><email>warli@usu.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kadar</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><address><country country="ID">Indonesia</country></address><bio><p>Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><email>dhira303@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prapiska</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name><address><country country="ID">Indonesia</country></address><bio><p>Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><email>fauriski@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>Universitas Sumatera Utara</institution></aff><aff id="aff2"><institution>Universitas Indonesia</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Siregar G.P., Purtantyo I.I., Warli S.M., Kadar D.D., Prapiska F.F.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Siregar G.P., Purtantyo I.I., Warli S.M., Kadar D.D., Prapiska F.F.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Siregar G.P., Purtantyo I.I., Warli S.M., Kadar D.D., Prapiska F.F.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Siregar G.P., Purtantyo I.I., Warli S.M., Kadar D.D., Prapiska F.F.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.eco-vector.com/oncur/article/view/1908">https://oncourology.eco-vector.com/oncur/article/view/1908</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Adverse event such as anemia and electrolyte imbalance are common in chemoradiation for bladder cancer.</p> <p><bold>Purpose of study. </bold>This study would like to identify potential predisposing factors, by conducting association and correlation analyses between age, severity, and social determinant with anemia and electrolyte imbalance in bladder cancer population with chemoradiation treatment plan.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A prospective cohort study including consecutive bladder cancer patients treated with chemoradiation was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Medan between year 2022–2023. Bivariate and multifactorial categorical analyses were done to evaluate the association between age, severity, and social determinant (household income and education) groups with occurrence of anemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia in chemoradiation. Correlation analyses were done between age, severity, and social determinant (household income and education) with the level of hemoglobin and electrolytes level the in anemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia patients.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>About 30 patients included with mean age of 66.8 ± 8.23 years old and 3:2 male-to-female ratio. Bivariate analysis showed statistically significant association between age with anemia and hyponatremia (odds ratio 6.9; 95 % confidence interval 1.9–52.5 and 20.8 95 % confidence interval 1.2–342.7). Multivariate analysis resulted in an adjusted odds ratio of 6 (1.1–31.9) and 7.4 (1.2–45).<bold> </bold>Correlation analysis of age and hemoglobin level in anemia patient showed significant moderate correlation coefficient (r) of –0.52 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.018), indicating that the higher the age, the lower hemoglobin level in anemia during chemoradiation, while household income and hemoglobin, sodium, and potassium level showed moderate-strong correlation coefficient (r) of 0.61, 0.52, and 0.69 respectively (<italic>p</italic> = 0.004, 0,04, and 0.018), indicating that the lower the household income, the lower the hemoglobin, sodium, and potassium level during chemoradiation. Furthermore, Education showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.52) and strong correlation (r = 0.63) with anemia hemoglobin level and hypokalemia potassium level, respectively.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Our study showed that age and social determinants are predisposing factors of anemia and electrolyte imbalance in chemoradiation for bladder cancer and have a linear correlation with the abnormal level of hemoglobin and electrolytes after treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Анемия и нарушение баланса электролитов – частые нежелательные явления химиолучевой терапии рака мочевого пузыря.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>–<bold> </bold>выявление факторов, которые потенциально предрасполагают к развитию анемии и нарушению баланса электролитов у пациентов с раком мочевого пузыря, получающих химиолучевую терапию, посредством анализа ассоциаций и корреляций с возрастом, тяжестью заболевания и социальными детерминантами здоровья.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В проспективное когортное исследование были включены пациенты с раком мочевого пузыря, получавшие химиолучевую терапию в специализированной больнице в Медане (Индонезия) в 2022–2023 гг. Проведены двухмерный и многофакторный категориальные анализы для оценки ассоциаций между возрастом, тяжестью заболевания, социальными детерминантами здоровья (общий семейный доход и образование) и случаями развития анемии, гипонатриемии и гипокалиемии на фоне химиолучевой терапии. Также был проведен корреляционный анализ между возрастом, тяжестью заболевания, социальными детерминантами здоровья (общий семейный доход и образование) и уровнями гемоглобина и электролитов у пациентов с анемией, гипонатриемией и гипокалиемией.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование были включены 30 пациентов, средний возраст составил 66,8 ± 8,23 года, соотношение мужчин и женщин – 3:2. Двухмерный анализ показал статистически значимую связь возраста с анемией и гипонатриемией (отношение шансов (ОШ) 6,9; 95 % доверительный интервал 1,9–52,5 и ОШ 20,8; 95 % доверительный интервал 1,2–342,7). Многофакторный анализ показал скорректированное ОШ 6 (1,1–31,9) и 7,4 (1,2–45) соответственно.<bold> </bold>Корреляционный анализ возраста и уровня гемоглобина показал статистически значимый умеренный коэффициент корреляции (r) –0,52 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,018), что указывает на то, что чем больше возраст, тем ниже уровень гемоглобина в ходе химиолучевой терапии. Также были показаны умеренно-сильные корреляции общего семейного дохода с уровнями гемоглобина, натрия и калия (коэффициент корреляции r = 0,61, 0,52 и 0,69; <italic>p</italic> = 0,004, 0,04 и 0,018 соответственно), демонстрирующие, что чем ниже семейный доход, тем ниже уровни гемоглобина, натрия и калия в ходе химиолучевой терапии. Более того, были показаны умеренная (r = 0,52) и сильная (r = 0,63) корреляции уровня образования с уровнем гемоглобина при анемии и уровнем калия при гипокалиемии соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Возраст и социальные детерминанты здоровья являются факторами, предрасполагающими к развитию анемии и нарушению баланса электролитов в ходе химиолучевой терапии рака мочевого пузыря, и линейно коррелируют с патологическими уровнями гемоглобина и электролитов после лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>social determinant</kwd><kwd>chemoradiation</kwd><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>anemia</kwd><kwd>electrolyte imbalance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>социальная детерминанта здоровья</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>анемия</kwd><kwd>нарушение баланса электролитов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Flaig T.W., Spiess P.E., Abern M. et al. 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