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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cancer Urology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cancer Urology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онкоурология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-9776</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1996-1812</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1936</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1726-9776-2025-21-4-122-133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM TUMORS. TESTICULAR TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МОЧЕПОЛОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. ОПУХОЛИ ЯИЧКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Minimally invasive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage IIA/B testicular seminomatous germ cell tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Малоинвазивная забрюшинная лимфаденэктомия при семиномной герминогенной опухоли яичка стадии IIA/B</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-777X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamizhev</surname><given-names>Eldar M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамижев</surname><given-names>Эльдар Мухамедович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-9458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-9150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorlin</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горлин</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-8804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotov</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротов</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-7109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamijev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГУЗ «Городской клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinic of High Medical Technologies named after N. I. Pirogov, Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-05"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Mamizhev E.M., Orlova R.V., Rumyantseva D.I., Antonova S.A., Gorlin P.M., Krotov N.F., Nosov A.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Мамижев Э.М., Орлова Р.В., Румянцева Д.И., Антонова С.А., Горлин П.М., Кротов Н.Ф., Носов А.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamizhev E.M., Orlova R.V., Rumyantseva D.I., Antonova S.A., Gorlin P.M., Krotov N.F., Nosov A.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамижев Э.М., Орлова Р.В., Румянцева Д.И., Антонова С.А., Горлин П.М., Кротов Н.Ф., Носов А.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://oncourology.eco-vector.com/oncur/article/view/1936">https://oncourology.eco-vector.com/oncur/article/view/1936</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold><bold> </bold>According to primary orchiectomy data, up to 50–60 % of testicular germ tumors are seminomas. For stage IIA and IIB seminomas, radiotherapy (RT) and polychemotherapy (PCT) are generally accepted treatment standards with excellent 5-year survival up to 99 %. Despite high treatment efficacy, PCT and RT are accompanied by significant toxic effects which can severely decrease patients’ quality of life.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) as a first stage of treatment after orchiectomy as an alternative to PCT and RT.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> In total, 24 patients with stage IIA/B testicular seminomatous germ cell tumors without RT were selected. The patients were divided into groups: in the 1<sup>st</sup> group, robot-assisted RPLND without PCT after orchiectomy was performed (<italic>n</italic> = 14); in the 2<sup>nd</sup> group, PCT per the BEP scheme (bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin) with subsequent laparoscopic RPLND after orchiectomy was performed (<italic>n</italic> = 10). In both groups, complications per the Clavien–Dindo classification, operative time, blood loss volume, hospital days, recurrence-free survival, presence of ejaculation after RPLND, histological conclusion, PCT toxicity were assessed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Mean patient age was 38 years. Patient distribution per disease stage: 18 (75.0 %) patients with stage IIA, 6 (25.0 %) patients with stage IIB. There were no intraoperative vascular complications, no transition to laparotomy. Mean operative time was 267 ± 19.4 min. Mean blood loss volume was 174 ± 25 mL. Mean hospital days were 8 days. No significant postoperative complications (severity grade ≥IV per the Clavien–Dindo classification) were reported. In the late postoperative period, 2 patients required surgical treatment for lymphorrhea in the form of transcutaneous translumbar puncture with embolization of the lymph ducts under the control of flat detector computed tomography. Mean number of resected lymph nodes was 27.1. Viable tumor was verified in 2 (8.3 %) patients of the 1<sup>st</sup> group. Functional results: retrograde ejaculation in 11 (45.8 %) cases (in group 1: 3 (21.4), in group 2: 8 (80.0); <italic>p</italic> = 0.01). Recurrence-free survival in the 1<sup>st</sup> group (2-year observation) was 13.1 ± 1.9 (9.3–16.9) months, in the 2<sup>nd</sup> group (observation from 2013 to 2025), 57 ± 5.7 (11.0–116.8) months. None of the patients had signs of recurrence per clinical, instrumental or laboratory data.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Prophylactic RPLND decreases the risk of recurrence and progression of germ line testicular tumors and allows to avoid risks of delayed toxicity associated with PCT and RT. In patients with stage IIA/B seminomas and low volume of residual retroperitoneal masses, RPLND provides good prognosis with minimal risks of treatment continuation in the future.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> До 50–60 % герминогенных опухолей яичка по данным первичной орхифуникулэктомии представлены семиномами. Для семиномы IIA и IIB стадий лучевая терапия (ЛТ) и полихимиотерапия (ПХТ) являются общепринятыми стандартами лечения с отличными показателями 5-летней выживаемости до 99 %. Несмотря на высокий уровень эффективности лечения ПХТ и ЛТ сопровождаются значительными токсичными эффектами, которые могут существенно снижать качество жизни пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить эффективность и безопасность забрюшинной лимфаденэктомии (ЗЛАЭ) как первого этапа лечения после орхифуникулэктомии в качестве альтернативы ПХТ и ЛТ.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Были отобраны 24 пациента с семиномной герминогенной опухолью яичка стадии IIA/В без ЛТ. Пациенты были разделены на группы: в 1-й группе после орхифуникулэктомии выполнена робот-ассистированная ЗЛАЭ без проведения ПХТ (<italic>n</italic> = 14), во 2-й группе после орхифуникулэктомии выполнялась ПХТ по схеме BEP (блеомицин + этопозид + цисплатин) с последующей лапароскопической ЗЛАЭ (<italic>n</italic> = 10). В обеих группах анализировали осложнения по классификации Clavien–Dindo, время оперативного вмешательства, объем кровопотери, число койко-дней, безрецидивную выживаемость, наличие эякуляции после ЗЛАЭ, гистологическое заключение, токсичность при ПХТ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Средний возраст пациентов составил 38 лет. Распределение больных по стадиям заболевания: 18 (75,0 %) пациентов со стадией IIA, 6 (25,0 %) – со стадией IIB. Интраоперационных сосудистых осложнений, перехода на лапаротомию не было. Среднее время операции составило 267 ± 19,4 мин. Средний объем кровопотери – 174 ± 25 мл. Средняя продолжительность госпитализации – 8 сут. Значимых ранних послеоперационных осложнений (≥IV степени тяжести по классификации Clavien–Dindo) не зафиксировано. В позднем послеоперационном периоде в 2 случаях лимфорея потребовала оперативного лечения в объеме чрескожной транслюмбальной пункции с эмболизацией лимфатических протоков под контролем плоскодетекторной компьютерной томографии. Среднее количество удаленных лимфатических узлов – 27,1. Жизнеспособная опухоль верифицирована у 2 (8,3 %) пациентов 1-й группы. Функциональные результаты: ретроградная эякуляция в 11 (45,8 %) случаях (в 1-й группе – в 3 (21,4 %), во 2-й группе – в 8 (80,0 %); <italic>p</italic> = 0,01). Безрецидивная выживаемость в 1-й группе (наблюдение 2 года) составила 13,1 ± 1,9 (9,3–16,9) мес, во 2-й группе (наблюдение c 2013 по 2025 г.) – 57 ± 5,7 (11,0–116,8) мес. Ни у одного пациента признаков рецидива заболевания по клинико-инструментальным и лабораторным данным не отмечено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Профилактическая ЗЛАЭ не только снижает риск рецидива и прогрессии герминогенных опухолей яичка, но и позволяет избежать рисков отсроченной токсичности, связанной с ПХТ и ЛТ. У пациентов со стадиями семиномы IIA/B при низком объеме резидуальных забрюшинных масс профилактическая ЗЛАЭ обеспечивает хороший прогноз с минимальными рисками возобновления лечения в дальнейшем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>germ line testicular tumor</kwd><kwd>retroperitoneal lymph node dissection</kwd><kwd>seminoma</kwd><kwd>robot-assisted surgery</kwd><kwd>laparoscopy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>герминогенная опухоль яичка</kwd><kwd>забрюшинная лимфаденэктомия</kwd><kwd>семинома</kwd><kwd>роботическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>лапароскопия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Costelloe S.J., Spencer J.D., Humphries K. et al. Elevations of α-fetoprotein in patients undergoing chemotherapy for pure testicular seminoma: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2025;25(1):241. 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